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Review: Yellow Fever

Endalu Mulatu* and Abdi Feyisa

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic a vector-borne disease that transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquito which affects and poses a serious problem to humans and non-human primates in tropical areas of Africa and South America. The yellow fever-causing virus was RNA virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus. Numerous factors are responsible for the emergence/ reemergence of the disease to occur. Thus includes that migration of susceptible vector habitat individuals, increased urbanization and travel. There are 3 transmission cycles for yellow fever: sylvatic (jungle), intermediate (Savannah), and urban. Yellow fever virus incubates in the body for 3 to 6 days and develops asymptomatic to severe clinical signs such as muscle pain with a prominent backache, headache, loss of appetite and nausea or vomiting, jaundice dark urine and abdominal pain, kidney and liver failure. The disease can be diagnosed by enzymelinked immune-sorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction. There is no specific treatments have been found to benefit patients with yellow fever. Whenever possible, yellow fever patients should be hospitalized for supportive care and close observation. The majority of individuals will develop asymptomatic or have mild disease with complete recovery and severe form of the disease will end up in death. Yellow fever can be prevented by massive vaccination and vector control. In areas where the disease is endemic, all population should be vaccinated against the disease.