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Study to Evaluate the Effects of Periodontitis and Type II Diabetes on Serum and Salivary Superoxide Dismutase Levels

Dr. Varsha Rathod, Dr. Sainath Salunkhe,  Dr. Nilesh V. Joshi

Objectives: 1. Estimation of SOD levels in saliva and serum of a) Healthy patients b) Patients with chronic periodontitis c) Patients with type-II diabetes mellitus & d) Patients with type-II diabetes mellitus along with chronic periodontitis. 2. To evaluate changes in SOD levels in saliva and serum after SRP in above four mentioned groups.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 subjects selected by random sampling method from the Outpatient Department of Periodontology, B.V.D.U Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. The selected subjects were divided into 4 groups as, Group I: Control group of ten Patients, Group II: Ten Patients with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (type II), Group III: Ten patients with chronic periodontitis and Group IV: Ten Periodontally healthy patients with diabetes mellitus (type II). Periodontal parameters, i.e. plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were assessed at baseline. Blood and saliva samples were collected at baseline and on 10th day after SRP. SOD levels were estimated by using ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test.

Results: SOD concentration was higher in Group II compared to other groups. After non surgical therapy there was significant decrease in SOD concentration in all groups. (P<0.05)

Conclusion: This study shows an additive effect of diabetes and chronic periodontitis on the oxidative stress. It can be concluded that SRP is helpful to decrease the oxidative stress in periodontitis and diabetes.