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Protective role of methanol leaf extract of Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in Wistar rats

Akinbor Akeem*, Badmus Jelili A, Akinboro Adetayo, Adedosu Olaniyi, Akinniran Rofiat1

Plants bioactive components protect human from heavy metal-induced toxicities. This study investigated the protective effect of the methanol leaf extract of Holarrhena floribunda (MLEHF) against arsenate-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Animals were pre-treated with two doses of the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w)) for 14 days before intraperitoneally exposure to sodium arsenide (5 mg/kg b.w.) 24 hr after the last administration. Serum TNF-α, urea and Creatinine levels were evaluated. Also, total protein (TP), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydro peroxides (LHP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in rat spleen, testis and heart. The result showed that arsenate only triggers a significant increase in serum TNF-α, urea and Creatinine. Also, arsenate induced significant increase (P<0.05) in cardiac, testicular and splenic lipid peroxidation (MDA and LHP) levels. Contrarily, arsenate reduced significantly (P<0.05) heart and testis GSH SOD and GPx activities compared with un-exposed control. MLEHF prevented the disgruntled influence of arsenate on the levels of serum TNF-α, urea and Creatinine, and the activities of GSH, SOD and GPx in the testis and heart of rats. The extract also reversed the arsenate-induced increase in cardiac, testicular and splenic lipid peroxidation (MDA and LHP). The protective ability of the extract may be linked to polyphenolic compounds in the leaf extract.