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Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Factors Associated with Clinical Pulmonary Form in a North-Eastern Brazilian Municipality

Francisca Barbara Gomes da Silva, Monica Ribeiro Sousa, Fernanda de Castro Lopes, Floriacy Stabnow Santos, Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus Costa, Adriana Gomes Nogueira Ferreira, Janaina Miranda Bezerra, Livia Maia Pascoal, Leonardo Hunaldo dos Santos and Marcelino Santos Neto

Objective: To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis and to verify the factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in Imperatriz-Ma, northeast region of Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of all the cases of tuberculosis registered with the Notification of Injury Information System from January 2006 to December 2015. The prevalence rate/year of study and the mean prevalence for the period were determined and the Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the associations between the independent variables under investigation with the dependent variable “pulmonary tuberculosis”. Results: The mean prevalence rate was 33.1/100,000 inhabitants per year, with the highest 48.6/100,000 inhabitants detected in 2006 and the lowest 22.0/100,000 inhabitants in 2012. Most of the patients were 40 years old or less, male, race/ brown, type of entry as a new case, with a clinical pulmonary form, suspected chest X-ray, among others. Predominant plots were evidenced in people with education level less than nine years, positive sputum smear microscopy and non-HIV serology. There was a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between gender, education level, type of entry and sputum smear microscopy. Conclusion: This research has shown declining tuberculosis prevalence rates, although rates above the national average and factors associated with clinical pulmonary form are considered important epidemiological aspects to be considered in the management and organization of health services for the control and disease surveillance.