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Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Selected Leguminous Plants in Hydroponics Culture

Suthep S, Duangrat S, Prayad P, Kraichat T

Attempts to use the plants for remediation of heavy metal contamination have been made. This study was conducted to determine the phytoremediation of Cadmium (Cd) by three leguminous plants (Acacia mangium Willd, Pterocarpus indicus Willd and Cassia fistula Linn.) where assessment was done for the Cd accumulation, relative growth, biomass productivity and bio concentration factor. The plants used for testing were obtained from Ratchaburi Nursery Center, Royal Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand. Plants were hydroponically cultured in 10% modified Hoagland solution and treated with various Cd concentrations under the laboratory condition for 15 days. Obtained results indicated that P. indicus at 8 mg/L of Cd concentration had the highest Cd accumulation (522.91 ug/g dry wt.). The relative growth and biomass productivity in plants were significantly decreased when the test concentrations were increased (P<0.05). The highest relative growth and biomass productivity was observed in P. indicus followed by A. mangium and C. fistula (P<0.05). The highest bio concentration factor (BCF) was found in P. indicus when exposed to 8.0 mg/L of Cd concentration. A higher Cd accumulation was also detected in roots compared to the shoots. The results suggests that P. indicus has the capability of phytoremediation in case of Cd contamination.