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Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power System with PI Controller

Indrajeet Pal, Amit Kumar

The main objective of load frequency control (LFC) is to regulate the electrical power supply of multi-area power system network and change the system frequency and tie-line load. The load variation on a power system being unpredictable drifts in frequency and voltage from their nominal values resulting in loss of generation due to tripping of lines and even blackouts. Fluctuation is more in the single area system than two area systems because of variations in the load are handled by one area only. Variation in the frequency is made to be zero by using a secondary loop in both single areas in addition to two area systems. Three area systems also operate in a similar manner like that of two area system. Frequency and voltage drifts can be minimized and kept within tolerable limits by automatic generation control (AGC). LFC is utilized to minimize the transient deviations in these variables like area, frequency and tie-line power interchange) and to ensure their steady state errors to be zeros. Automatic generation control of a system consists of two parts; LFC and automatic voltage regulator (AVR). In this paper, a simulation study is carried out to understand the operation of load frequency controller by developing model in SIMULINK MATLAB.