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Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Echinochloa Frumentacea Link Grains in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Ramu Ravirala, Sarita Kotagiri, Vrushabendra Swamy BM, Archana Swamy P, and Vishwanath Swamy KM

To investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of hydro-alcoholic extract of Echinochloa frumentacea Link grains in alloxan induced diabetic rat. A single dose study was studied in the normal rats for 12hrs. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in normal rats after receiving glucose orally (2g/kg) and in diabetes induced rats after receiving glucose orally (3g/kg). Diabetes was induced by ALX (120mg/kg, i.p.) three different doses of HAEF (200, 400 and 600mg/kg, p.o.) of HAEF were administered orally to experimental diabetic induced rats treatment for 21 days. Glibenclamide (5mg/kg p.o.) was used as reference standard. Fasting blood glucose levels, changes in body weight and organ weight, serum albumin, urea, total protein, creatinine, total lipid profile, haemoglobin, GSH, SOD and TBARS were evaluated. Finally histopathological examination of pancreas was performed. Single dose study of HAEF on normal rats showed a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels when compared with the normal control rats. Oral glucose tolerance test clearly indicate that 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg p.o. of HAEF shown a significant decrease in the blood glucose levels. Whereas, 200mg/kg p.o showed little effect. Oral glucose tolerance test in ALX induced diabetic rats 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg p.o. of HAEF shown a significant decrease in the blood glucose levels.. In diabetic rats, treatment with the 400, and 600mg/kg, p.o. showing significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels. A significant escalation was seen in the levels of HDL-C, haemoglobin, body weight and organ weights. Whereas, the anti-oxidant levels TBARS, GSH and SOD levels were improved than the untreated diabetic rats. HAEF have shown significant In-vivo antioxidant property and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity.