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Histology and Water Absorption Properties of Different Wood Species

Ogunleye Bolade Mercy, Asaolu Ayobami Comfort, Adeniyi Ifedayo Michael, Aina Kehinde Sesan

Increase in water or moisture content in wood causes dimensional changes resulting in cracking and checking of wood during utilization as water absorption has a negative effect on wood properties and wood quality. In view of this, the histology (anatomy) and water absorption properties of three selected species (Terminalia catappa, Ficus exasperata, and Nauclea diderrichii) were investigated. Wood samples were collected using increment borer of diameter 1.2 cm and length 28 cm to get inner and outer samples from the breast height of each wood species. Sectioning of wood samples was performed using a sliding microtome to produce sections of about 20 μm. Wood samples were soaked in water for 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours for water absorption experiment. Microscopic cells such as vessels were measured using a Ritchert light microscope. The results obtained showed that vessel diameter of wood species has significant impact on its water absorption capacity as larger vessels absorbed more water. Therefore, Ficus exasperata absorbed more water than either Nauclea diderichii or Terminalia catappa owing to the sizes of their vessels. Wood deposits such as gum and xyloses were also identified as the possible hindrances to water absorption in the wood species that were slow in during soaking. Care should be applied during the choice of Ficus species wood for outdoor end uses.