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Expression Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-�?²) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Marina*, Arun Ganesh, Durairaj Sekar, Marina Francis, Dhanraj M Ganapathy, K Auxzilia Preethi, Sushmaa Chandralekha Selvakumar, Durairaj Sekar

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer in the head and neck region. More than 45% of the cancer cases in India are diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Although much progress has been made to control OSCC in recent years, the management or treatment option for OSCC remains challenging. Interestingly, Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-β) has a significant role in the extracellular microenvironment and variety of cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of TGF-β in OSCC patients and their adjacent normal tissue.

Materials and Method: A total of 20 OSCC and adjacent normal tissues were collected from the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Saveetha dental college and hospitals. The tissues were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and expression studies. The data were shown as mean ± standard deviation and p<0.05* was statistically significant.

Results and Conclusion: Our histological observation findings showed that there was epithelial cell injury in the OSCC samples, which contributed to the creation of more keratin pearls. Additionally, our findings showed that as compared to normal tissue, OSCC samples had significantly increased TGF-β expression levels. As a result, we conclude that TGF-β was found to be an important oncogene in the tumour growth and metastasis of various cancer, including OSCC. Thus, inhibition of TGF-β can be postulated to be a potential treatment against OSCC.