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Defeating Malaria with Preventative Treatment of Disease and Deterrent Measures against Anopheline Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae)

Muhammad Sarwar

Malaria is a major public health issue in many regions of the world and is transmitted to the human by the bite of the infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is a major health problem that particularly causes considerable morbidity and mortality in humans. Symptoms of malaria are nighttime fevers, chills, body aches, headaches, nausea, vomiting and general uneasiness that can range from mild to severe condition. This article provides information on the risks, symptoms and treatment of disease, and general preventative measures against mosquitoes. The risk of disease increases during wet seasons when accumulated water causes mosquitoes to breed. Blocking the transmission of the parasite from patient to patient is a key to the malaria eradication. The mosquitoes which drive parasite transmission are key targets for interventions of adopting vector control measures. One important control strategy against this mosquito borne malaria disease is the mosquito control, which aims to reduce human-mosquito contact. Different control measures can be used routinely against mosquitoes and their larvae including chemical (insecticide), biological (larvivorous fish or pathogenic fungi), environmental (land filling or drainage) and personal protection (mosquito repellents formulated as pills, coils, ointments, lotions, and sprays; and insecticide-treated or untreated bed nets). For adults’ vector control, certain tools such as indoor spraying and space spraying, both alone and in combination, are the key factors. This information generated will ensure the sustainability of the vector control strategy to avoid increased malaria threatens.